Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis and one of the leading causes of hand pain worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions your joints breaks down, causing bones to rub against each other. This wear-and-tear process leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, and loss of mobility.
Hand osteoarthritis is especially common in:
The base of the thumb (CMC joint)
The middle finger joints (PIP joints)
The end finger joints (DIP joints)
While OA is more frequent in adults over 50, younger people can also be affected, especially after injuries or repetitive strain. The good news? With early treatment and lifestyle adjustments, symptoms can be managed and progression slowed.
Key Symptoms of Hand Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis symptoms develop gradually and may worsen over time. Common signs include:
Morning stiffness in the hands and fingers
Joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
Swelling and tenderness around affected joints
Bony nodules (Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes) that cause enlarged joints
Reduced grip strength, making it difficult to hold objects
Grinding or clicking sounds when moving joints
👉 If you notice persistent pain or visible joint changes, consult a doctor for early evaluation.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors increase the risk of developing hand OA:
Age – More common in adults over 50
Genetics – Family history of arthritis increases likelihood
Gender – Women are at higher risk
Repetitive use – Typing, gripping, and tool use can strain joints
Injuries – Previous fractures or sprains accelerate cartilage wear
Other conditions – Obesity, diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis may contribute
Non-Surgical Treatments for Hand Osteoarthritis
Most people can manage hand OA with conservative treatments:
1. Braces & Compression Gloves
Supportive devices stabilize joints, reduce swelling, and improve function.
👉 See our guide: Best Gloves & Supports for Osteoarthritis
2. Daily Therapy Exercises
Gentle stretching and strengthening help maintain mobility. Tools like therapy putty, hand grips, and finger stretchers are often recommended by physical therapists.
3. Heat & Cold Therapy
Heat therapy (paraffin wax baths, warm compresses) relaxes stiff joints.
Cold packs reduce swelling after activity.
4. Lifestyle Modifications
Use ergonomic tools (jar openers, large-grip pens, keyboard supports)
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints
Take breaks during repetitive activities
5. Pain Management Options
Over-the-counter NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen)
Topical creams with menthol, diclofenac, or capsaicin
Corticosteroid injections for severe flare-ups (under doctor guidance)
When Surgery May Be Considered
Surgery is typically a last resort for hand OA. Options include:
Joint fusion – Eliminates movement in the joint but reduces pain
Joint replacement – Artificial implants restore mobility (rare but effective in severe thumb arthritis)
Best Products for Osteoarthritis (2025 Picks)
At the Hand Wellness Foundation, we’ve reviewed dozens of hand arthritis products. Here are our top recommendations:
Therapy Putty – Progressive resistance to strengthen grip
Copper Compression Gloves – Relieve stiffness and swelling
Paraffin Wax Machine – Provides deep, soothing heat
Ergonomic Grip Aids – Reduce strain in everyday tasks
👉 Explore our full guide: Best Exercises & Therapy Tools for Osteoarthritis Relief (2025)
Preventive Tips for Osteoarthritis Progression
While OA cannot be reversed, these tips may help slow progression:
Stay active with low-impact hand exercises
Protect joints with supportive devices when doing repetitive work
Avoid overuse — listen to your body and take breaks
Follow a joint-friendly diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods like fish, nuts, and leafy greens
Final Takeaway
Hand osteoarthritis is a progressive but manageable condition. With the right combination of braces, exercises, lifestyle changes, and pain management strategies, most people maintain mobility and independence for years.
👉 Looking for practical tools? Check our 2025 picks for osteoarthritis relief to protect and restore your hand health today.